Luís Rodrigues owns an engineering degree (1986), a MSc (1991) and a PhD (1996) in Electrical and Computer Engineering, by the Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) da Universidade de Lisboa. He obtained the "Agregação" in Informatics (2003) by the Universidade de Lisboa.

He initiated his academic career at the Electrical and Computers Engineering Department of Instituto Superior Técnico de Lisboa (IST) in 1989.  From 1996 to July 2007 he served at the Departamento de Informática, Faculdade de Ciências (Faculty of Sciences), Universidade de Lisboa.  Since 2007, he is a Professor at Departamento de Engenharia Informática, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa. He served as head of department at the Departamento de Informática of  Faculdade de Ciências (2006-2007) and the Departamento de Engenharia Informática, Instituto Superior Técnico (2011-2012).

From 1986 to 1996 he was a member of the Distributed Systems and Industrial Automation Group at INESC. From 1997-200 he was a (founding) member of the LASIGE laboratory at University of Lisbon, first as a member of the Navigators group and later as the leader of the Distributed Algorithms and Network Protocols group. Since July 2007 he is a member of the Distributed, Parallel and Secure Systems Group at INESC-ID Lisboa. He served as Director of LASIGE from 2004-2005, as a member of the INESC-ID management board from 2010-2017 and as President of the Scientific Council of INESC-ID from 2022-2024.

He conducts research in the areas of distributed computing, security, and fault tolerance. In these fields, he has supervised 18 PhD students, more than 65 Master's students, and is the co-author of 2 textbooks.